Your nose and sinuses constantly produce mucus to keep the nose moist. This mucus protects the inside of your nose and stops germs and viruses from progressing further into your respiratory system. A runny nose, also known as rhinorrhoea, happens when excess mucus is produced and drains from the nose. The fluid can be either thin or thick, or clear or cloudy, and the flow can be irregular or constant.
Common causes include:
- Colds and flu: Mucus from illnesses can fill the nasal cavity and cause temporary nasal obstruction.
- Crying: When you cry, tears drain through the tear ducts, into the nasal cavity, and then into the nose.
- Cold weather: Cold conditions can sometimes cause a reaction that produces mucus.
- Sinuses infection: The sinuses, or cavities of the face that drain into the nose, can fill with infected mucus resulting in sinusitis (inflammation of the sinuses).
- Allergic rhinitis: Allergies or a nasal reaction to allergens like pollen or pet dander.
- Non-allergic rhinitis: An irritant like smoke or pollution, or the body’s reaction to cold weather or hot food.
How can you relieve a runny nose?
Antibiotics aren’t needed to treat a runny nose, as it usually gets better on its own. Sometimes, an over-the-counter decongestant may help. However, it might not be appropriate if you have certain conditions or take other medications. Check with your doctor to see which over-the-counter medicines are suitable for you.
The best treatments for a runny nose typically include:
- Drinking plenty of fluids, especially water
- Rest
- Eating well
- A saline nasal spray to help relieve symptoms
- A cool-mist humidifier at your bedside to help with congestion that’s worsened by dry air
How can you relieve a runny nose due to an allergy?
- Stay indoors when pollen count is high – usually in the early morning and on windy days.
- Keep windows closed during allergy season, and use air conditioning if possible.
- Wear a dust mask if you’re working outdoors, change your clothes, and take a shower after coming indoors.
- Avoid contact with cats and dogs if you are sensitive to animal dander.
Fortunately, there are many safe and effective over-the-counter medications such as nasal steroid sprays and oral antihistamines available to help control allergy symptoms.
If your symptoms are severe, your doctor may refer you to an allergist for testing. If not, they may prescribe medication to help relieve symptoms.
Prevent the sniffles
These tips can help stop germs from spreading:
- Wash your hands often.
- Throw away used tissues after blowing or wiping your nose.
- Keep away from those who have colds or infections.
- Eat well and exercise regularly to help boost your immune system.
- Cough and sneeze into the inside of the elbow, not into your hands.
- Clean and disinfect tables, countertops, door handles and your mobile phone