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Tag: hygiene

How to maintain a healthy immune system

April 7th, 2021 by The Hello Doctor Team

The idea that you can boost your immune system is appealing – pop a pill in the morning and become bulletproof to all nasty bugs and germs? What’s not to love? As great as that sounds, the concept of “boosting” your immune system is a little more complicated.

Immunity 101: its all about balance

You can read about all the ins and outs of the immune system here, but in a nutshell, your immune system works to recognise and identify an infection or injury in the body. This causes an immune response, with the goal of restoring normal function. Often when you get sick, your immediate thought is “urgh, my immune system is so weak! Why isn’t it working properly?”. The truth is, every symptom of sickness is a sign that your body is actually working really hard, triggering an immune response to fight back against an infection or virus.

The immune system is a finely tuned machine. Too much of an immune response is just as bad as too little response. Having an immune system on “steroids” can cause such problems as allergies, diabetes, and other types of auto-inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.

So, instead of a “boosted” immune system, what you really want is a “balanced” immune system.

How to balance your immune system

The differences between people who rarely get sick and those who are sick all the time seem to have more to do with lifestyle habits than immune function! Follow the 5 key lifestyle habits for an ideally balanced immune system:

1. Good hand hygiene

You should be a pro at this by now! Wash your hands and don’t touch your face– this applies not only to preventing COVID-19, but also maintaining a healthy immune system As your first line of defence against illness, you can stop infection before it begins simply with some soap and water! Germs and viruses stick to the natural oils on your hands, so without washing them regularly, you risk infection every time you touch your face. The Coronavirus, for example, is surrounded by a bubble of oily lipid molecules, which falls apart on contact with soap. Without this oily layer, the virus can’t attach itself to your cells. Hand washing reduces respiratory illness like colds by up to 21% and diarrhoea by up to 40%

Download the SureWash Hand Hygiene App to learn and memorise the WHO hand washing technique.

2. Eat well

There are no magical “immune boosting” foods or supplements. While it’s true that nutritional compounds like vitamin C, antioxidants and zinc can help ward off disease and other health problems, this typically only applies to people who are severely malnourished. In other words, vitamin formulations will do little to help you stay healthy if you are healthy already. They also can’t replace real food when it comes to delivering the full range of vitamins your body needs. A balanced diet – one which is rich in nutritional dense options (green leafy veg, healthy fats and protein) and low in sugar and processed food, provides the body exactly what it needs, and in the correct portions to maintain a healthy immune system.

(If you enjoy foods touted as immune boosters, there’s no harm in eating them as part of a balanced diet, but don’t assume that’s all you need to do!)

3. Sleep

Let’s be honest – sleep is good for everything! But it’s an undercover superstar when it comes to immunity, and there are two reasons for that. First, stress hormones dip while you’re asleep – that’s important because these hormones dampen your immune response. Second, a good night’s sleep boosts the effectiveness of specialised immune cells, called T-cells. T-cells are in charge of recognising foreign invaders and activating the proteins that attach to and kill them. It works so well in fact that studies have found that people who sleep for less than 7 hours a night are around 3 times more likely to catch a cold than those sleeping for 8 hours or more.

How well do you sleep?

Download SleepScore or SleepCycle and start tracking your sleep

4. Move

Exercise delivers a double whammy to your immune system. It slows the release of stress hormones, while at the same time improving natural immune defence activity. Any type of activity works – your body responds almost immediately to movement…. But don’t overdo it. Very high intensity and exhaustive training workloads are linked to a drop in immunity

Don’t know where to start? Start with the Fiton App, or the Couch to 5km app.

 5. Manage your stress

Stress decreases the number of white blood cells that help fight off infection. The lower this level, the more at risk you are for infection. Furthermore, ongoing, unmanaged stress can lead to body wide inflammation. In the long-term, sustained, high levels of inflammation point to an overworked, over-tired immune system that can’t properly protect you. Becoming more aware of stress triggers and learning a few practical coping techniques can make a big difference. Stress reduction strategies not only give your mind a break, but they can also relieve the pressure on your immune system.

Have fun with this quick fix anti-anxiety game.

6. Get a daily dose of sunshine

Vitamin D, also known as “the sunshine vitamin”, is manufactured in your skin when the skin is exposed to natural sunlight. Vitamin D is necessary for the proper functioning of your immune system, enhancing the function of immune cells, including T cells and macrophages. Low levels of vitamin D have been associated with increased susceptibility to infection, disease, immune-related disorders, and more recently, complications from COVID-19.

How much sun is too much sun?

Download QSun to track your exposure.

References:

Getting a tattoo? Here are the do’s and don’ts

January 27th, 2020 by Content Editor

Tattoos have been around for thousands of years. Whether plain or elaborate they have served as personal symbols, status symbols, declarations of love and signs of religious beliefs.

How does it work?

When you get a tattoo, dye is injected into your skin using small needles that puncture the skin at speed. The needles penetrate past the epidermis (outer layer of the skin) into the underlying dermis. This leaves behind pigment on the area.

Your dermis is made up of collagen fibres, nerves, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, blood vessels and basically everything that keeps skin connected to the rest of the body.

So every time the needle penetrates, it causes a wound in the skin and alerts the body to begin the inflammatory process which is the skin’s way to deal with ‘danger’. Cells of the immune system then travel to the wound site and begin to repair the skin.

What to expect

  • Keep a good level of communication between you and the artist, that way everything is clear from the get-go.
  • The artist will apply a stencil to the area you’re going to have tattooed to ensure the size and angle is exactly right.
  • The first needlework will be the outline which is done with a loaded tattoo gun and a liner needle.
  • Next, he’ll probably rinse your tattoo area and will then use broader needles to shade your tattoo.
  • Once the tattoo is completely inked, it will be washed and covered with a sterile bandage. Expect some slight bleeding during and after the process.

After getting your tattoo, get precise instructions for aftercare. Follow these steps while your new tattoo heals.

Healing time can vary from person to person, but it generally takes about two weeks.

  • Your artist should cover your new tattoo in a thin layer of petroleum jelly or unscented cream and a bandage.
  • Remove the bandage after 24 hours. Use lukewarm water and mild, liquid antibacterial or antimicrobial soap to gently remove any ointment or blood to completely clean the area and pat dry.
  • Apply a layer of antibacterial ointment twice a day, but don’t put on another bandage.
  • Gently wash your tattoo area several times a day with soap and water and gently pat dry.
  • Keep applying a moisturiser or ointment after you clean it to keep it moist. Repeat this process for two to four weeks.
  • Avoid wearing clothes that will stick to your tattoo, as well as sleeping on it so you don’t agitate the healing process. Avoid swimming in the sun for about two weeks.
  • Take cool showers. Scorching hot water will hurt and may fade the ink.

Good to know

If your tattoo develops hard layers or scabs, don’t stress. It’s normal. Never pick, scratch, or peel it as you could get an infection or remove the colour. If you think your tattoo is infected or isn’t healing properly, see your doctor.

Sun exposure can mess with your tattoo. Avoid the sun rays during the healing process. Soon after that, always use sunblock to protect it.

Keep your hands clean. This is as important as keeping your tattoo clean, as your hands can introduce bacteria to your tattoo. Remember; never touch your tattoo unless you have just washed your hands!

References:

What can I do about sensitive teeth?

November 24th, 2019 by Content Editor

Tooth sensitivity happens when the underlying layer of your teeth, the dentin, becomes exposed because of a receding gum tissue (the protective blanket that covers the tooth roots).

What causes sensitive teeth?

Cavities, cracked teeth, tooth whitening, receding gums, enamel or root erosion and gingivitis (gum disease) are some of the most common causes of sensitive teeth.

When are teeth more likely to be sensitive?

According to the Cleveland Clinic, these are the key factors contributing to sensitive teeth:

  • Using a hard-bristled toothbrush or brushing too hard can wear down enamel and cause dentin to become exposed, and/or encourage gum recession.
  • Gum recession happens to those who suffer from periodontal disease, which exposes the dentin.
    Gingivitis, a gum disease that causes inflamed gums
  • Cracked teeth become filled with bacteria from plaque and cause inflammation in the pulp of the tooth.
  • Teeth grinding or clenching can wear down enamel.
  • Plaque build-up.
  • Long-term use of mouthwash. Some over-the-counter mouthwashes have acids. If dentin is exposed the acids can make existing tooth sensitivity worse and also further damage the dentin layer.
  • Acidic foods enable enamel reduction.
  • Dental procedures can cause sensitivity after professional cleaning, root planning, crown replacement and other tooth restoration procedures. Usually the pain will disappear in four to six weeks.

Is there anything I should avoid if I have sensitive teeth?

  • Avoid highly acidic foods.
  • Steer clear of teeth-whitening products.
  • Avoid teeth grinding. Consider getting a mouth guard.

Do I need to see my dentist?

When you experience persistent pain and sensitivity, especially on a single tooth, see a doctor. This could be a sign that there’s something more serious going on. Make sure to mention any tooth sensitivity to your dentist during your next visit.

Your dentist should be able to address sensitivity issues depending on its cause. Procedures like fillings, fluoride varnishes, fluoride gel or desensitising agents, a crown, an inlay or onlay, a surgical gum graft or a root canal can all help relieve nagging toothache.

How can I prevent sensitive teeth?

  • Brush your teeth twice daily with a fluoride toothpaste (brush your teeth with softer strokes and use a soft bristled brush)
  • Floss once a day
  • Minimise teeth whitening
  • Limit sugary, starchy, and acidic foods
  • Limit alcohol intake
  • Wear a mouth guard at night to prevent teeth grinding and clenching
  • Visit a dentist regularly
  • Quit smoking

References:

How to prevent and treat ingrown toenails

June 17th, 2019 by Content Editor

An ingrown toenail is a common, painful condition that happens when the side edge of your toenail grows into your skin. As the nail grows in further and further, it digs in and causes pain. The nail breaking through the skin can create inflammation and over time, your toe could become infected.

The big toe is most commonly affected and common signs include pain, redness and swelling. You may have an infected ingrown toenail if there’s a foul odour, it’s hot to the touch, and if there is swelling and oozing.

What causes it?


An ingrown toenail develops from everyday activities. Common ones include improper trimming of the toenail or a shoe that doesn’t fit properly. An injury from nail picking or pedicures could also be to blame.

Athletes often have ingrown toenails as they sweat more than most people. Sweat can make your nails and skin soft. When this happens, the thin nail can eventually split and pierce the softened skin.

Other reasons include poor foot hygiene, repeated pressure on your toes, being overweight and a fungal infection.

Treatment and prevention

  • Avoid cutting your toenails too short or unevenly at the corners. Cut them straight across.
  • Make sure your socks and shoes fit properly, you should be able to wiggle your toes easily.
  • If you’re an athlete or do physical activities often, try going barefoot for an hour or two afterwards.
  • If there’s an infection, soak your feet in warm water with Epsom salts or a mild detergent. Later, apply an antibiotic ointment and bandage the infected area.
  • If there’s no infection, soak your feet in warm water with Epsom salts. Once the skin is soft and the inflammation has decreased, use a clean nail-cutter and clip the affected area. Apply an antibiotic ointment afterwards.
  • If you experience a lot of pain and can’t treat it yourself, see a podiatrist immediately to remove the ingrown toenail.
  • Try tucking a small piece of cotton or waxed dental floss under the edge of the ingrown toenail to help with proper nail growth. Soak the cotton or dental floss in medicinal alcohol beforehand. Talk to your doctor before trying this.

Good to know

If your ingrown toenail doesn’t heal after a week or is infected, see your doctor immediately.
A toe protector can help with ingrown toenails. Toe protectors are rings that fit around the affected area or cover the entire toe. It helps cushion your ingrown toenail to lessen or prevent pain. Some kinds come with a medicated gel that helps soften your nails to make trimming them easier.

References:

5 (slightly) awkward health problems

April 8th, 2019 by The Hello Doctor Team

Aside from adjusting to your new life on campus and being away from home, you’re also faced with health problems as you interact in a different environment and with people from unique backgrounds.

Your campus student health centre or clinic should be the first place you visit when you have healthcare needs.

Here are five health problems you should know about:

The common cold or influenza

As a student, the common cold or flu is one of the main health issues you’ll face. Viruses that cause colds and flu are spread when you breathe them in after someone has been coughing or sneezing next to you, or by rubbing your eyes or nose after you have been in contact with a sick person.

Try and stay away from a friend with a runny nose and always wash your hands avoid picking up the virus.

Symptoms of a common cold are:

  • Dry cough with a sore throat.
  • Fatigue and muscular aches.
  • Frequent sneezing and coughing.
  • A blocked nose.
  • High temperature with a headache.
  • Running or blocked nose.
  • Stomach-related problems like diarrhoea, vomiting or nausea.

Prevention is better than cure. Get a flu vaccination at your campus clinic.

Bad breath

Bad breath is the last thing you want your friends to remember you for! If you suffer from this unfortunate issue, there’s a reason why. Breath problems are usually caused by a build-up of plaque on your teeth which results in a gum infection.

Other culprits include:

  • Tonsil infection.
  • Inflammation of the gums.
  • Hormonal changes.
  • A dry mouth.
  • Crash diets.
  • Tooth decay.
  • A sore throat or postnasal drip.

Fight bad breath with good dental hygiene. Still, it’s best to see a dentist to check for underlying issues. Remember to floss regularly and brush your teeth and tongue twice a day. Lay off the cigarettes, and, if your mouth tends to get dry, pop a sugar-free mint or chewing gum to get that saliva flow going.

STDs

It’s important to be aware and proactive about STDs and your sexual. Sexually transmitted diseases are spread from person to person during any sexual activity. You should always practise safe sex! Use a new condom every time you have sex; this includes oral sex too. To avoid contracting STDs make sure you get tested regularly. Get tested as soon as you experience any symptoms or if your current or former partner has been diagnosed with an infection.

Symptoms:

  • A rash in the genital area.
  • Burning and painful urination.
  • Pain during sex.
  • Discharge (thick or thin leakage from the vagina or penis)
  • Itching in the genital area.
  • Vaginal blisters or blisters in the genital area

Many sexually transmitted diseases don’t have immediate or obvious symptoms, so the smart thing to do is to get tested. Don’t wait too long to see a doctor should you experience any symptoms. If treatment begins early enough, you can be cured.

Mental health

Your psychological, emotional and social wellbeing at university will always be tested. This will affect the way you think, feel, and act. This could result in isolation which might affect your studies. If you feel you’re depressed or suffering from anxiety, talk to a friend or family member and see a campus psychologist.

Strep throat

Sore throat? You could have Strep throat,  a contagious bacterial infection. When a person who has strep throat breathes, coughs or sneezes, tiny droplets with the strep bacteria go into the air. If these happen to land on you, you could be infected. Its symptoms usually begin within two to five days after you encounter the infected person.

Symptoms:

  • A sever and onset sore throat.
  • High temperature.
  • Pain when you swallow.
  • Inflamed tonsils and lymph nodes.
  • Yellow or white spots on the back side of a red and inflamed throat.

Because you’re highly contagious, it’s best to stay at home to avoid spreading it to others. Use tissues you can throw away instead of handkerchiefs, wash your hands often, and don’t sneeze or cough on others. See a doctor; strep throat is usually treated with antibiotics to help you feel better faster.

References:

How to keep worms out of your stomach

March 20th, 2019 by The Hello Doctor Team

The thought of having a parasite crawling around in your body can be quite scary, but you’re not alone; parasites are more common than you think.

Parasites are animals or plants that can only survive by living in another plant or animal. Parasites vary in size and type and feed off different things. There are several parasites that, if left unmanaged, can cause health problems.

How do you get parasites?

Some live off the food you eat and mainly exist in your digestive tract. Other parasites attach themselves anywhere on the body and feed on the nutrients and energy from your cells. Common parasites include roundworms, tapeworms, pinworms, whipworms and hookworms. Some eat your food, leaving you hungry after every meal. You may notice you’re losing weight without even trying! Others feed off your red blood cells which can cause anaemia. Some lay eggs that trigger irritation, and itching. You can also get parasites from:

  • Drinking contaminated water.
  • Eating foods from contaminated soil.
  • Being in contact with contaminated faeces.
  • Poor sanitation.
  • Poor hygiene.
  • A bug bite.
  • Sexual contact.

Prevention

Parasites and germs need three things:

  1. An environment or source to live.
  2. An animal or person to carry it around.
  3. A host: which is the person or animal that gets infected with the germ or parasite and gets sick.

Lower your risk of contracting a parasitic infection:

  • Wash your hands regularly, especially after handling uncooked food or faeces.
  • Always use a condom during sex.
  • Cook food up to its recommended temperature.
  • Drink clean water.
  • Avoid swallowing water from lakes, streams, or ponds.
  • Avoid cat litter and faeces when you’re pregnant.

Change your diet

Both fibre and probiotics are important to keep your bowel movements regular and help empty out parasites from your intestines. Yoghurt is a good source of probiotics, while fresh vegetables, wholegrains and nuts are your best choice of fibre. In addition:

  • Go easy on sugar and fat.
  • Cook all meat thoroughly.
  • Wash fresh vegetables carefully.
  • Wash your hands before and after using the toilet.
  • Wear gloves when gardening or working with soil.
  • Deworm your pets regularly and handle kitty litter with gloves.

Treatment

Your doctor will prescribe medication depending on the type of parasitic infection  They might also include :

  • A blood test.
  • An exam where a sample of your stool will be checked for parasites and their eggs.
  • X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computerised axial tomography (CAT): These scans are used to check for signs of injury to your organs caused by parasites.

Your doctor may also do tests to check for bacteria or other things that cause infections.

References

10 ways to use baking soda as a remedy

October 22nd, 2018 by The Hello Doctor Team

You probably use baking soda at home for cleaning and baking. Good news: it has health perks too!

Cool down heartburn

Heartburn is that painful burning sensation in the upper part of your stomach that can spread up into your throat. It starts when acid rises into your oesophagus (the tube that connects your stomach to your mouth). This can happen if you eat too much, feel stressed or eat spicy foods. Baking soda can help treat heartburn by neutralising stomach acid.

– Dissolve a teaspoon of baking soda in a glass of cold water and sip slowly. –

Keep your mouth bacteria free

Mouthwash is important in your oral hygiene routine. It reaches places of your teeth, gums and tongue that a toothbrush can’t. You can use baking soda as a replacement mouthwash instead of the expensive ones from the shops. Baking soda has antibacterial properties which will help freshen your breath and get rid of bacteria.

– Add half a teaspoon of baking soda to half a glass of warm water. Swish it around your mouth and spit. –

Treat urinary tract infections

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of your urinary system like the kidneys, bladder or urethra. Women are more likely than men to suffer from these. These kinds of infections cause burning when you urinate. Studies have found that baking soda can help to neutralise the acid in urine when you have a UTI. This allows the body to deal with the bacteria that caused the infection on its own.

– To use baking soda for UTI, dissolve half to one teaspoon of baking soda in water and drink it on an empty stomach. –

Whiten your chompers

If you’d like to whiten your teeth, look no further than baking soda. It has mild cleaning powers that help get rid of stains on your teeth. Don’t use this method more than once a week though, as baking soda may damage the outside layer of your teeth.

– Mix baking soda with water or lemon juice until it’s a paste. Dab it on your toothbrush and brush for two minutes. Rinse your mouth thoroughly and follow by brushing with toothpaste and then flossing. –

Freshen up

Make your own deodorant! It’s natural, free from excessive chemicals, and can be a cheaper alternative to those you buy in the store.

– Mix a teaspoon of baking soda added to water to create a milky baking soda paste. Rub it under your arms or feet to stay fresh. –

Relieve itchy skin

If you suffer from skin allergy rashes, baking soda can help.

– Mix a teaspoon of baking soda with water to make a paste and apply it to the affected areas. Leave it on for a few minutes and then rinse well. Use this method as often as needed. –

Banish bug bites

Many over-the-counter creams for bites have baking soda, as it helps relieve itching and swelling from insect bites.

– Create a paste with a teaspoon of baking soda and water. Use it at least three times a day until your bites heal. –

Get rid of flakes

Remove dry skin from your face by using baking soda as an exfoliant.

– Mix one teaspoon of baking soda with half a cup of water and rub it on your face in a circular motion, then rinse. Don’t do this too often as baking soda could upset the pH balance of your skin. –

Remove splinters

Splinters can be painful – and difficult to remove.

– Soak the splinter area in a mix of a tablespoon of baking soda and warm water. Try this twice a day and it should eventually come out by itself. –

Calm sunburn

Treat fragile sunburned skin by soaking in baking soda and water.

– Add half a cup of baking soda to a warm (not hot) bath and immerse in the mixture. You can also try mixing some baking soda in your body lotion to calm any sunburn. –

References:

Why you may need a new pillow

September 18th, 2018 by The Hello Doctor Team

We all have that special pillow that helps us fall asleep. But, did you know that your pillow could hurt your health? The right pillow plays an important role in helping you fall asleep.

Pillows and pain

According to Harvard Medical School, a pillow that’s too soft or too firm often leads to neck pain. This happens when your neck is bent in any way for an extended period that causes discomfort.

Positions

  • If you sleep on your side with a soft pillow that doesn’t provide enough support under your neck, your head has to extend sideways to meet the pillow.
  • If you sleep on your stomach, a position that hyperextends the neck backward, using a firm pillow pushes the head back even further.
  • If you’re on your stomach with your head to the side, you’re sleeping in a full rotation position, which can become painful.
  • Sleeping on your back with too much firm support pushes the neck forward too far.

A pain in the neck can also lead to:

  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Severe headache.
  • Dizziness
  • Nausea
  • Always feeling tired (even after sleeping all night).

Get a new pillow

Often, people don’t know when it’s time for a new pillow. Your pillow should be able to be folded in half and when released, it should pop right back to its normal state. If your pillow doesn’t do this, it’s time for a change. An inexpensive polyester pillow should be replaced every six months. If you have a memory foam pillow, it could last you anywhere from 18 to 36 months.

What kind of pillow is best for overall health?

Organic Wool

Organic wool pillows are breathable and can regulate temperature well. It’s also naturally flame –and dust mite- resistant. This makes them a good choice year-round.

Kapok

A kapok pillow is a lightweight fluffy fibre that comes from seed pods of Rain Forest Kapok trees. It’s a soft material, similar to cotton. Kapok is actually the fluffy fibre that surrounds the seeds. It’s a natural material often described as light and airy. Just the thing for a good sleep! Kapok is also used as stuffing for toys and cushions. It’s said to be hypoallergenic, mould-resistant, water-resistant and quick-drying.

Natural Latex

If you’re allergic to wool or feathers, your best pillow option may be one made of latex. Like wool pillows, you can find natural latex pillows with an organic cotton outer covering. Just make sure it’s a 100% natural latex.

Organic cotton

Organic cotton pillows are one of the best organic pillows that are easy to find.

Pillow promises

There are loads of snoring and sleep disorder solutions out there, but health problems like sleep apnoea and restless leg syndrome aren’t easily solved by adjusting your sleeping position. Speak to a doctor about your sleeping disorder and get a proper diagnosis and treatment.

References:

Can kissing make you sick?

September 18th, 2018 by The Hello Doctor Team

Kissing is a love language. It’s a show of affection – but it does come with health risks! The good news is that with good oral hygiene, you can kiss up a storm with peace of mind…

Diseases can be spread from person to person in several ways and this includes:

Contact spreading: During kissing, or indirectly when you touch a contaminated surface or object.

Droplet spreading: Infected droplets from the nose and throat may travel around a metre before they drop onto a surface. At times, infected droplets can linger in the air. You can get an infection through an infected droplet if you inhale it or if you come into contact with a contaminated surface or object.

Airborne spreading: Some infected particles from the nose and throat can stay in the air for a long time because of their small size. These are droplet nuclei and can be inhaled directly into the lungs.

The dangers of kissing

Some conditions that you can get from smooching your new Tinder-date, include:

Colds: Different viruses can cause the common cold. You could catch a cold from airborne droplets or direct contact with fluids and mucus from an infected person’s nose and throat.

Glandular fever: Is the common term for a viral infection called infectious mononucleosis, caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. It’s also known as the kissing disease. It can pass through coughing, sneezing, sharing toothbrushes or glasses. EBV can live in your saliva for months after the infection. Avoid kissing people and sharing food or drinks until several days after the fever has subsided.

Herpes infection: Herpes simplex virus can be spread through direct contact with the virus when kissing. It spreads easily to others when the blisters are forming or have erupted. The virus can also be spread to others from the site of blisters even when they’ve healed.

Hepatitis B: Although blood has higher levels of this virus than saliva, kissing may also transmit this virus. A person is more likely to be infected with Hepatitis B when kissing, if they have open sores in or around the mouth. An infection would be the result of blood and saliva that comes into direct contact with someone else’s bloodstream or mucous membranes.

Warts: Warts in the mouth can spread through kissing, especially if there are areas of recent trauma.

Syphilis: Syphilis is a bacterial infection that’s usually caught by having sex with someone who’s infected. It’s a highly infectious condition, and one of its hallmarks is the development of sores in the mouth. The sores are usually round and open which might help bacteria spread through close contact. Any time there’s an open sore and/or blood present; an infection can be orally transmitted.

To kiss or not to kiss?

  • Avoid kissing when you or the other person is sick.
  • Avoid kissing anyone on the lips when you, or they, have an active cold sore, warts or ulcers around the lips or in the mouth.
  • Brush, floss and keep up a good oral hygiene routine! Cough and sneeze into a tissue, or your elbow if you have a cold.
  • Vaccines are available to prevent some infectious diseases, like chickenpox, Hepatitis B and group C meningococcal infection (a type of bacteria that causes serious infections.)

References:

How to avoid toxins in the kitchen

September 17th, 2018 by The Hello Doctor Team

Imagine you still had to head out into the field to collect your corn, fetch your eggs from the chickens and milk your own cow. It may be a novel experience for a weekend retreat, but hardly a practical morning routine for our modern lives.

We live in the age of convenience: with ready-made meals, and fruit, veg and fresh produce delivered straight to your door. The downside, though, is that all the processing and packaging can lead to harmful toxins entering into your kitchen. Pay attention to these hidden dangers of our prepackaged era, so you can give your family the best.

Safer storage

The Risk: Plastic materials (plastic containers, Ziploc bags, plastic wrap, plastic cups and baby bottles) can be toxic. Hundreds of chemicals are used to make plastic containers and food packaging. These chemicals are often linked to cancer, endocrine disruption (an interference with the normal functioning of hormones) and chronic diseases. Plastic containers and packaging may leak substances like bisphenol-A (BPA), bisphenol-S (BPS), and phthalates into the foods they touch. BPA is the substance that makes plastic clear and hard.

The Alternative: Because we generally can’t pinpoint what’s in our plastics, always choose materials made from glass, ceramic, bamboo, or metal to prepare and store your food with.  Opt for eco-friendly replacements like paper bags or cartons for plastic wrap. If you do need to use a plastic container, shop for BPA-Free plastic. When you microwave BPA plastic, chemicals in the plastic (including the phthalates that make plastic flexible), will actually leak into the food. This means that the chemicals move from the plastic into the food. Avoid this by always heating food in a glass or ceramic container.

Non-stick pans

The Risk: While we all love an egg that doesn’t stick to the pan, non-stick cookware may not be worth it. The coating on the pan may be made with a carcinogenic chemical that releases fumes when heated. The coating may also flake and peel off over time and this is definitely not something you want in your food!

The Alternative: Aluminium pans are a common alternative; however, its coating may also break down over time and leak chemicals. Where possible, rather opt for cast iron, high-quality ceramic, or glass.

Bleached paper products

The Risk: White paper towels, parchment paper and baking cups look pretty, but they are hotbeds for toxic chemicals. Paper is bleached with chlorine, which creates a chemical by-product called dioxin. Dioxin is considered cancer-promoting and causes adverse effects on your endocrine and immune systems. It may also affect your fertility.

The Alternative: Choose reusable alternatives instead of disposable products. These include washable bamboo kitchen towels and reusable tea filters.

Simple steps can change your kitchen from a toxic place to a safe one.

  • Glass and ceramic are great choices when it comes to dishware. Make sure that the ceramic dishware has a lead-free glaze. High-quality food grade silicone plates, stainless steel, bamboo or wood containing food-safe finishes are also safe options.
  • Avoid Teflon and other chemical non-stick coatings. Overheating of non-stick pans and any scratching or chipping of the materials can cause these chemicals to be released.
  • Avoid plastic utensils and accessories when cooking as these can melt or flake with extreme heat or wear down over time. This could potentially cause chemicals to transfer to food. Choose stable materials like wood, bamboo, silicone or stainless steel instead.
  • The safest materials for cookware and bakeware include glass, high stainless steel, cast iron and ceramic cookware.
  • When using stainless steel cookware, know that deeply scratched and pitted pans can cause metals like nickel and chromium to transfer into food in trace amounts. These are not necessarily toxic elements unless you have an allergy or sensitivity. For your safety, avoid frequent use of abrasive materials with stainless steel cookware.
  • Use non-toxic cleaning products. Avoid bleach, ammonia, synthetic fragrances and dyes.
  • Filter tap water for drinking and cooking. Find a high-quality filter that can remove heavy metals, chlorine, and other contaminants.
  • Buy products from reputable manufacturers who have detailed description labels.

References:

What is cat scratch disease?

July 16th, 2018 by The Hello Doctor Team

Your kitten’s little claws may seem harmless, but his scratch may not be.

Cat scratch disease (CSD) is a bacterial infection spread by cats. The disease starts when cats become infected from a bacteria, usually passed on by a flea. The infection can spread to humans when the infected cat licks a person’s open wound, or bites or scratches a person hard enough to break the surface of their skin.

You can also get CSD from the saliva of an infected cat if it gets into an open wound or touches the whites of your eyes.

It takes about three to 14 days after the skin is broken for a mild infection to happen. Kittens younger than one are most likely to carry the bacteria called Bartonella Henselae, which causes the infection. Nearly 40% of all cats carry the bacteria, but show no sign of having the illness.

The first sign of CSD is a small lump where your cat bit or scratched you. Within one to seven weeks, the lymph glands swell near the place you were injured. For example, if you were bitten on your arm, the glands in the armpit on the same side of your body would swell.

Common symptoms of CSD in humans include:

  • A bump or blister near the bite or scratch.
  • Swollen, tender, lymph nodes near the bite or scratch.
  • Fatigue.
  • Headaches.
  • A fever.
  • Body aches.
  • Poor appetite.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of CSD is usually done with a blood test. Your doctor may also take a sample from your swollen lymph glands to test for CSD. If you don’t suspect cat scratch disease but have swollen lymph glands, it’s still important that you see your doctor as it can signal other conditions.

How can CSD be prevented?

The best way is to avoid contact with all cats. If you have a cat, specifically a kitten, avoid rough play to avoid being scratched or bitten. Keep your cat’s nails trimmed to help prevent scratches and wash your hands after playing with him.

Don’t allow your cat to lick your wounds, eyes, or mouth. Keep your cat indoors as far as possible, and use antiflea medication to keep him flea-free. Control fleas in your home by vacuuming regularly and washing your sheets every week.

If you’re thinking of adopting a cat, choose an older cat instead of a kitten.

Treatment

Most cases of cat scratch disease aren’t serious and won’t need treatment. And you don’t have to worry about spreading the infection because person-to-person infection is not possible. But, it’s important to wash any scratches or bites with soap and water.

If you have a weak immune system, you’re more likely to experience serious symptoms from having CSD. Your doctor may prescribe an antibiotic if your CSD is serious. He may also give you medication to decrease the size of the lymph nodes.

See your doctor if:

  • Your symptoms haven’t eased after a few days.
  • Your injury isn’t healing.
  • You develop a fever.
  • Redness around the wound is spreading over your skin.

References:

Showers vs. baths: which is better?

July 16th, 2018 by The Hello Doctor Team

Whether your preference is hopping in the shower first thing in the morning or indulging in cosy, warm baths after work, both have perks. But are baths or showers better?

Let’s explore the different benefits of baths and showers.

If you want to save water

A long soak after a hard day sounds great, but the average tub uses approximately 136 litres of water to fill! On the other hand, a 10-minute shower uses just 76 litres. With the Cape Town water crisis, it makes sense for us all to be more water-wise. For example, take two-minute showers. The best way to ensure that you’re saving water while showering is to use a water-saving showerhead, which uses no more than eight litres of water per minute.
Verdict: Take a shower

If you want healthy skin

Don’t wrinkle up like a prune in that tub! According to Lauren Ploch, a spokesperson for the American Academy of Dermatology, while both showering and bathing keep you clean, a long bath may lead to dry skin. It’s especially important to avoid taking baths in public spaces like spas. Many public baths are rife with bacteria which may harm your skin further. To protect your skin, and particularly if you have a skin condition like eczema, try to get in and out of a hot shower within five to 10 minutes. Then, moisturise your body to lock in moisture.
Verdict: Take a shower

If you want to relax

There’s a reason why many people enjoy bathing. That reason is stress relief. Taking a bath allows you to relax, stop multitasking and gives you time to yourself. A warm bath increases your body temperature, calming your nervous system and releasing feel-good hormones. Get rid of the stress that piles up every week with a long bath. Light a few candles and add droplets of essential oils like lavender and chamomile to create a relaxing atmosphere.
Verdict: Have a bath

If you want to lose weight

Besides helping you wake up in the morning, a blast of cold water in the shower could help shed extra kilos. According to studies, being cold can help you lose weight because it promotes the loss of fat. When your body needs to heat up, it needs to burn more calories to warm you up. Shivering, a symptom of being cold, also promotes fat loss as you use your muscles when you shiver.
Verdict: Take a shower

If you want to catch some Zs

When you’re rushing in the morning to get to class or work, a shower is the fastest way to get clean. At the end of the day though, taking a bath may help you feel sleepy. Your body’s temperature drops at night and this tells your body to release melatonin, the sleep hormone. A warm bath before bed is a neat trick to start heating yourself up before your internal body clock kicks in. When you’re done bathing, cool off quickly, then get into bed. Don’t use water that’s too hot though, as you may struggle to sleep if your body temperature is too high.
Verdict: Have a bath

If you’re sick

A cold or flu can be tough to deal with, but a steamy hot shower may help with your symptoms. The steam can help dissolve the phlegm and mucous that causes your cough or sore throat. Steam can also relieve aches and pains related to your infection. Dab a few drops of eucalyptus oil onto your skin before showering to make the steam more effective.
Verdict: Take a shower

References:

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